Rabu, 09 September 2009

novel Trilight

Twilight is the debut, young-adult vampire-romance novel[3][4] by author Stephenie Meyer. Twilight was initially rejected by 14 agents,[5] but became an instant bestseller when published originally in hardback in 2005, debuting at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release[6] and later peaking at #1.[7] That same year, Twilight was named one of Publishers Weekly's Best Children's Books of 2005.[8] The novel was also the biggest selling book of 2008[9] and, to date, has sold 17 million copies around the globe, spent over 91 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list,[10] and been translated into 37 different languages.[11]

It is the first book of the Twilight series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella "Bella" Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington and finds her life in danger when she falls in love with a vampire, Edward Cullen. The novel is followed by New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn. A film adaptation of Twilight was released in 2008. It was a commercial success, grossing more than $382 million worldwide[12] and an additional $157 million from North American DVD sales, as of July 2009.[13]

Contents

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Plot summary

Isabella "Bella" Swan moves from sunny Phoenix, Arizona to rainy Forks, Washington to live with her father, Charlie, while her mother, Renée, travels with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella attracts much attention at her new school and is quickly befriended by several students. Much to her dismay, several boys compete for shy Bella's attention.

When Bella is seated next to Edward Cullen in class on her first day of school, Edward seems utterly repulsed by her. He disappears for a few days, but warms up to Bella upon his return; their newfound relationship reaches a climax when Bella is nearly run over by a fellow classmate's van in the school parking lot. Seemingly defying the laws of physics, Edward saves her life when he instantaneously appears next to her and stops the van with his bare hands.

Bella becomes hellbent on figuring out how Edward saved her life, and constantly pesters him with questions. After tricking a family friend, Jacob Black, into telling her local tribal legends, Bella concludes that Edward and his family are vampires who drink animal blood rather than human. Edward confesses that he initially avoided Bella because the scent of her blood was so desirable to him. Over time, Edward and Bella fall in love.

Their relationship is thrown into chaos when another vampire coven sweeps into Forks. James, a tracker vampire who is intrigued by the Cullens' relationship with a human, wants to hunt Bella for sport. The Cullens attempt to distract the tracker by splitting up Bella and Edward, and Bella is sent to hide in a hotel in Phoenix. There, Bella receives a phone call from James, who claims he is holding her mother captive. When Bella surrenders herself, James attacks her, but Edward, along with the other Cullens, rescues Bella and destroys James. Once they realize that James has bitten Bella's hand, Edward sucks the venom from her system before it can spread and transform her into a vampire, and she is then sent to a hospital. Upon returning to Forks, Bella and Edward attend their school prom and Bella expresses her desire to become a vampire, which Edward refuses.

Cover

Stephenie Meyer has stated that the apple on the cover represents the forbidden fruit from the Book of Genesis. It symbolizes Bella and Edward's love, which is forbidden, similar to the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, as is implied by the quote from Genesis 2:17 that is quoted at the beginning of the book. It also represents Bella's knowledge of what good and evil are, and the choice that she has in partaking of the "forbidden fruit", Edward, or choosing not to see him.[14] An alternate cover features Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson, the actors who play Bella and Edward, respectively, in the film adaptation.

Awards and honors

Development, publication and reception

Development

Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003.[18] The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood.[18] Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now Chapter 13 of the book.[19] In a matter of three months she had transformed her dream into a completed novel,[20] though she claims that she never intended to publish Twilight and was writing for her own enjoyment.[21] Her sister's response towards the book was enthusiastic and she persuaded Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.[22] Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.[23]

Publication

Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in the 2003 auction.[23] Little, Brown and Company originally bid for $300,000, but Meyer's agent asked for $1 million; the publishers finally settled on $750,000 for three books.[24] Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.[23] It debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release,[25] and later peaked at #1.[26] Foreign rights to the novel were sold to over 26 countries.[27]

In October 2008, Twilight was ranked #26 in USA Today's list of "Bestselling Books of Last 15 Years".[28] Later, the book went on to become the biggest selling book of 2008.[29]

Critical reception

Since Twilight's initial publication, the book has received mainly positive reviews from critics, with Publishers Weekly calling Meyer one of the most "promising new authors of 2005".[30] The Times praised the book for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation",[31] and Amazon.com hailed the book as "[d]eeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful".[32] Hillias J. Martin of School Library Journal stated, "Realistic, subtle, succinct, and easy to follow, Twilight will have readers dying to sink their teeth into it",[33] and Norah Piehl of TeenReads wrote, "Twilight is a gripping blend of romance and horror".[34] Publishers Weekly's starred review described Bella's "infatuation with outsider Edward", their risky relationship, and "Edward's inner struggle" as a metaphor for sexual frustration accompanying adolescence.[35] Booklist wrote, "There are some flaws here–a plot that could have been tightened, an over reliance on adjectives and adverbs to bolster dialogue–but this dark romance seeps into the soul."[36] Christopher Middleton of The Daily Telegraph called the book a "high school drama with a bloody twist ... no secret, of course, at whom this book is aimed, and no doubt, either, that it has hit its mark.[37] Jennifer Hawes of The Post and Courier said, "Twilight, the first book in Stephenie Meyer's series, gripped me so fiercely that I called the nearest teenager I know and begged for her copy after I misplaced my own."[38]

Kirkus responded with a mixed review, noting that, "[Twilight] is far from perfect: Edward's portrayal as monstrous tragic hero is overly Byronic, and Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character. Nonetheless, the portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot; fans of dark romance will find it hard to resist."[39]

Adaptations

Film

Twilight was adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson as protagonists Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The screenplay was adapted by Melissa Rosenberg. The movie was released in theaters in the United States on November 21, 2008,[40] and on DVD on March 21, 2009.[41] The DVD was released in Australia on April 22, 2009.[42]

Graphic novel

On July 15, 2009, Entertainment Weekly confirmed rumors that a graphic novel adaptation of Twilight was in the works. The book will be drawn by Korean artist Young Kim and published by Yen Press. Stephenie Meyer reviews every panel herself. According to EW, "it doesn't look simply like an artist's rendering of Kristen Stewart and Rob Pattinson. In fact, the characters seem to be an amalgam of Meyer's literary imagination and the actors' actual looks." EW magazine published finished illustrations of Edward, Bella, and Jacob in their July 17, 2009 issue.[43]

References

  1. ^ "Twilight (Hardcover)". Amazon.ca. http://www.amazon.ca/Twilight-Stephenie-Meyer/dp/0316160172/ref=pd_bowtega_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1215465512&sr=1-2. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  2. ^ "Twilight (Paperback)". Amazon.ca. http://www.amazon.ca/Twilight-Stephenie-Meyer/dp/0316015849. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  3. ^ Gregory Kirschling (2007-08-02). "Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20049578,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  4. ^ Mike Russell (2008-05-11). "'Twilight' taps teen-vampire romance". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-ca-twilight11-2008may11,0,5524758.story. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  5. ^ Rebecca Murray. "Interview with 'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer". About.com. http://movies.about.com/od/twilight/a/stephenie-meyer_3.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  6. ^ Her Literary Career - Stephenie Meyer
  7. ^ "Children's Books - New York Times". New York Times. 2007-06-17. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/17/books/bestseller/0617bestchildren.html?scp=10&sq=the+new+girl+falls+love+vampire&st=nyt. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  8. ^ "Best Children's Books of 2005". Publishers Weekly. 2005-11-03. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6280581.html. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  9. ^ "The top 100 titles of 2008". USA Today. 2009-01-14. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-100-titles_N.htm.
  10. ^ Gerri Miller. "Inside "Twilight"". HowStuffWorks. http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/inside-twilight.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  11. ^ Kenneth Turan (2002-11-21). "Movie Review: 'Twilight'". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-twilight21-2008nov21,0,2444525.story. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  12. ^ "Twilight (2008)". Box Office Mojo. 2008-11-21. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twilight08.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  13. ^ "Twilight - DVD Sales". The Numbers. 2009-03-22. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2008/TWLIT-DVD.php. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  14. ^ "What's with the apple?". StephenieMeyer.com. http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_faq.html#apple. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  15. ^ a b c d Larry Carroll (2008-05-09). "Official ‘Twilight’ Synopsis Sadly Lacking In 'OME!' Exclamations". MTV. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/05/09/official-twilight-synopsis-sadly-lacking-in-ome-exclamations/. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  16. ^ "Best Children's Books of 2005". Publishers Weekly. 2005-11-03. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6280581.html. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  17. ^ Trevelyn Jones (2005-12-01). "Best Books 2005". School Library Journal. http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6286432.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  18. ^ a b StephenieMeyer.com | The Story Behind Twilight
  19. ^ Walker, Michael R. (Winter 2007). "A Teenage Tale With Bite". Brigham Young University Magazine. http://magazine.byu.edu/?act=view&a=1972. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  20. ^ Lev Grossman (2008-04-24). "Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1734838,00.html. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  21. ^ "BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer". BookStories. Changing Hands Bookstore. August 2006. http://chbookstore.qwestoffice.net/fa2006-08.html. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  22. ^ Damian Whitworth (2008-05-13). "Harry who? Meet the new J.K. Rowling". The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3917660.ece. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  23. ^ a b c "Stephenie Meyer By the Numbers". Publishers Weekly. 2008-12-05. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6559505.html. Retrieved 2009-08b-15.
  24. ^ Cecelia Goodnow (2005-10-08). "Debut writer shines with 'Twilight'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/books/243782_vampire08.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  25. ^ Her Literary Career - Stephenie Meyer
  26. ^ "Children's Books - New York Times". New York Times. 2007-06-17. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/17/books/bestseller/0617bestchildren.html?scp=10&sq=the+new+girl+falls+love+vampire&st=nyt. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  27. ^ "Stephenie Meyer". Waterstone's. http://www.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/navigate.do?pPageID=200000424.
  28. ^ "USA Today's best-selling books of last 15 years". USA Today. 2008-10-30. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2008-10-29-top-150-books_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  29. ^ Mary Cadden (2009-01-15). "New star authors made, old ones rediscovered in 2008". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-side_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  30. ^ StephenieMeyer.com | Official Bio
  31. ^ Amanda Craig (2006-01-14). "New-Age vampires stake their claim". The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/children/article1081930.ece. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  32. ^ "Editorial Reviews". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0316015849/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  33. ^ Hillias J. Martin (2005-10-01). "Grades 5 and Up Reviews: October, 2005". School Library Journal. http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA446397.html?industryid=47085&q=twilight+meyer+review. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
  34. ^ Norah Piehl. "Review: Twilight". Teenreads.com. http://www.teenreads.com/reviews/0316160172.asp. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  35. ^ "Stephenie Meyer's official website — Twilight reviews". http://stepheniemeyer.com/twilight_reviews.html. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  36. ^ "Booklist Review at Amazon.com". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0316015849/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  37. ^ Christopher Middleton (2009-08-07). "Twilight: high school drama with a bloody twist". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookclub/5989699/Twilight-high-school-drama-with-a-bloody-twist.html. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
  38. ^ Jennifer Hawes (2009-07-13). "Living a real-life romance". The Post and Courier. http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2009/jul/13/living_real_life_romance88905/. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  39. ^ "Kirkus Review at B&N.com". B&N.com. http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Twilight/Stephenie-Meyer/e/9780316160179. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  40. ^ "Stephenie Meyer's official website — Twilight news archive". http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  41. ^ Summit Entertainment (2009-03-22). "Summit Home Entertainment's Saturday Release of Twilight Unleashes With Over 3 Million Units Sold". Press release. http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-22-2009/0004992497&EDATE=. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  42. ^ Gillian Cumming (2009-04-19). "Stephanie Meyer reflects on bright Twilight as DVD looms". The Courier Mail. http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,25346651-5003424,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
  43. ^ Tina Jordan (2009-07-15). "'Twilight' exclusive: Graphic novel version on the way!". Entertainment Weekly. http://shelf-life.ew.com/2009/07/15/twilight-comic-book-manga/. Retrieved 2009-07-16.

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