Selasa, 03 November 2009

Today's featured article

Today's featured article

Looking southbound onto Interstate 355 from the Illinois Prairie Pat

Interstate 355 is an Interstate Highway and tollway in the western and southwest suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Like other tollways in the northeastern portion of the state, I-355 is maintained by the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority. I-355 runs from Interstate 80 in New Lenox north to Interstate 290 in Itasca, a distance of 32.5 miles (52.3 km). The tollway authority opened I-355 as the North–South Tollway in 1989 to ease congestion on Illinois Route 53 (IL 53), a parallel two-lane state highway in central DuPage County. Initially, I-355 ran from Interstate 55 north to I-290. The new highway helped cut travel times for commuters traveling north and south in the county. According to commercial real estate developers at the time, the new tollway also opened the western suburbs of Chicago to commercial and industrial development. On November 11, 2007, the tollway authority opened a southern extension of I-355 from I-55 to I-80, a distance of 12.5 miles (20.1 km); on its opening, the tollway authority changed the name of the tollway to "Veterans Memorial Tollway". The tollway authority laid the route of the new extension through Will County and a small portion of Cook County, one of the fastest-growing regions in Illinois. The tollway authority expects the extension to cut travel times in the region by 20 percent. (more...)

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Expansion

Expansion

Mughal empire under Akbar

After dealing with the rebellion of Bairam Khan and establishing his authority, Akbar went on to expand the Mughal empire by subjugating local chiefs and annexing neighbouring kingdoms.[24] The first major conquest was of Malwa in 1561, an expedition that was led by Adham Khan and carried out with such savage cruelty that it resulted in a backlash from the kingdom enabling its ruler Baz Bahadur to recover the territory while Akbar was dealing with the rebellion of Bairam Khan.[25] Subsequently, Akbar sent another detachment which captured Malwa in 1562, and Baz Bahadur eventually surrendered to the Mughals and was made an administrator. Around the same time, the Mughal army also conquered the kingdom of the Gonds, after a fierce battle between the Asaf Khan, the Mughal governor of Allahabad, and Rani Durgavati, the queen of the Gonds.[26] However, Asaf Khan misappropriated most of the wealth plundered from the kingdom, which Akbar subsequently forced him to restore, apart from installing Durgavati's son as the administrator of the region.[27]

Over the course of the decade following his conquest of Malwa, Akbar brought most of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Bengal under his control. A major victory in this campaign was the siege of Chittor. The fortress at Chittor, ruled by Maharana Udai Singh, was of great strategic importance as it lay on the shortest route from Agra to Gujarat and was also considered a key to central Rajasthan. On the advice of his nobles, Udai Singh retired to the hills, leaving two warriors Jaimal and Patta in charge of the fort.[27] The Mughal army surrounded the fortress in October 1567 and it fell in February 1568 after a siege of six months. The fort was then stormed by the Mughal forces, and a fierce resistance was offered by members of the garrison stationed inside, as well as local peasants who came to their assistance. The women committed jauhar while over 30000 men were massacred by the Mughal army.[28][29] It was for the first and last time that Akbar indulged in carnage of this magnitude. In commemoration of the gallantry of Jaimal and Patta, he ordered that stone statues of them seated on elephants be carved and erected at the chief gate of the Agra fort.[27][30] The fortress was completely destroyed and its gates were carried off to Agra, while the brass candlesticks taken from the Kalika temple after its destruction were given to the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer.[28][31]

After Akbar's conquest of Chittor, two major Rajput clans remained opposed to him - the Sisodiyas of Mewar and Hadas of Ranthambore. The latter, reputed to be the most powerful fortress in Rajasthan, was conquered by the Mughal army in 1569, making Akbar the master of almost the whole of Rajputana. As a result, most of the Rajput kings, including those of Bikaner, Bundelkhand and Jaisalmer submitted to Akbar. Only the clans of Mewar continued to resist Mughal conquest and Akbar had to fight with them from time to time for the greater part of his reign.[27][28] Among the most prominent of them was Maharana Pratap who declined to accept Akbar's suzerainty and also opposed the marriage etiquette of Rajputs who had been giving their daughters to Mughals. He renounced all matrimonial alliances with Rajput rulers who had married into the Mughal dynasty, refusing such alliances even with the princes of Marwar and Amer until they agreed to sever ties with the Mughals.[

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Military achievements

Military achievements

Flag of Mughals
Silver coin of Akbar with inscriptions of the Islamic declaration of faith

[edit] Early conquests

Akbar decided early in his reign that he should eliminate the threat of Sher Shah's dynasty, and decided to lead an army against the strongest of the three, Sikandar Shah Suri, in the Punjab[citation needed]. He left Delhi under the regency of Tardi Baig Khan. Sikandar Shah Suri presented no major concern for Akbar, and often withdrew from territory as Akbar approached.[citation needed]

The Hindu king Hemu, however, commanding the Afghan forces, defeated the Mughal army and captured Delhi on 6 October 1556.[17] Tardi Beg Khan promptly fled the city. News of the capitulation of Delhi spread quickly to Akbar, and he was advised to withdraw to Kabul, which was relatively secure[citation needed]. But urged by Bairam Khan, Akbar marched on Delhi to reclaim it. Tardi Beg and his retreating troops joined the march, and also urged Akbar to retreat to Kabul, but he refused again. Later, Bairam Khan had the former regent executed for cowardice, though Abul Fazl and Jahangir both record[where?] that they believed that Bairam Khan was merely using the retreat from Delhi as an excuse to eliminate a rival.

Akbar's army, led by Bairam Khan, met the larger forces of Hemu on 5 November 1556 at the Second Battle of Panipat, 50 miles (80 km) north of Delhi. The battle was going in Hemu's favour when an arrow pierced Hemu's eye, rendering him unconscious. The leaderless army soon capitulated and Hemu was captured and executed.[20]

The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 war elephants which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the siege of Mankot. Sikandar, along with several local chieftains who were assisting him, surrendered and so was spared death[citation needed]. With this, the whole of Punjab was annexed to the Mughal empire. Before returning to Agra, Akbar sent a detachment of his army to Jammu, which defeated the ruler Raja Kapur Chand and captured the kingdom.[21] Between 1558 and 1560, Akbar further expanded the empire by capturing and annexing the kingdoms of Gwalior, northern Rajputana and Jaunpur.[22]

After a dispute at court, Akbar dismissed Bairam Khan in the spring of 1560 and ordered him to leave on Hajj to Mecca.[22] Bairam left for Mecca, but on his way was goaded by his opponents to rebel.[20] He was defeated by the Mughal army in the Punjab and forced to submit. Akbar, however forgave him and gave him the option of either continuing in his court or resuming his pilgrimage, of which Bairam chose the latter.[23]

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Early years

Early years

Akbar was born on October 15, 1542 (the fourth day of Rajab, 949 AH), at the Rajput Fortress of Umerkot in Sindh, where Humayun and his recently wedded wife, Hamida Banu Begum were taking refuge[citation needed]. Humayun gave the child the name he had heard in his dream at Lahore, Jalalu-d-din Muhammad Akbar Ghazi [3][12]

Akbar as a boy

Humayun had been driven into exile in Persia by the Pashtun leader Sher Shah Suri.[13] Akbar did not go to Persia with his parents but grew up in the village of Mukundpur in Rewa (in present day Madhya Pradesh). Akbar and prince Ram Singh, who later became the Maharaja of Rewa, grew up together and stayed close friends through life. Later, Akbar moved to the eastern parts of the Safavid Empire (now a part of Afghanistan) where he was raised by his uncle Askari. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run, and fight, but he never learned to read or write.[14] Nonetheless, Akbar matured into a well-informed ruler, with refined tastes in the arts, architecture, music, and a love for literature.

Following the chaos over the succession of Sher Khan Suri's son Islam Shah, Humayun reconquered Delhi in 1555, leading an army partly provided by his Persian ally Tahmasp I. A few months later, Humayun died. Akbar's guardian,Bairam Khan concealed the death in order to prepare for Akbar's succession. Akbar succeeded Humayun on February 14, 1556, while in the midst of a war against Sikandar Shah to reclaim the Mughal throne. In Kalanaur, Punjab, the 13 year old Akbar donned a golden robe and Dark Tiara was enthroned by Bairam Khan on a newly constructed platform, which still stands.[15][16] He was proclaimed Shahanshah (Persian for "King of Kings"). Bairam Khan ruled on his behalf until he came of age.[17][18]

[edit] The name Akbar

Akbar was originally named Badruddin Akbar, because he was born on the night of a badr (full moon)[citation needed]. After the capture of Kabul by Humayun his date of birth and name were changed to throw off evil sorcerers. [19] Contrary to some popular traditions, the name Akbar - meaning "Great" - was a not an honorific given to Akbar; rather he was named for his maternal grandfather, Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami[citation needed].

[edit]

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Akbar the Great

Akbar the Great

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Akbar the Great
Mughal Emperor
Akbar1.jpg
Reign 1556 to 1605
Full name Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar I
Titles His Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Imam-i-'Adil, Sultan ul-Islam Kaffatt ul-Anam, Amir ul-Mu'minin, Khalifat ul-Muta'ali Sahib-i-Zaman, Padshah Ghazi Zillu'llah ['Arsh-Ashyani], Emperor of India)[1][2]
Born 15 October 1542(1542-10-15)
Birthplace Amarkot Fort, Sind
Died 27 October 1605 (aged 63)
Place of death Fatehpur Sikri, Agra
Buried Bihishtabad Sikandra, Agra
Predecessor Nasiruddin Humayun
Successor Nuruddin Salim Jahangir
Offspring Jahangir, 5 other sons and 6 daughters
Royal House House of Timur
Dynasty Mughal
Father Nasiruddin Humayun
Mother Nawab Hamida Banu Begum Sahiba
Religious beliefs Din-i-Ilahi

Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar (جلال الدین محمد اکبر Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar), also known as Akbar the Great (October 15, 1542 – October 27, 1605) [1][2][3] was the third Mughal Emperor of India. He was of Turko-Mongol Timurid descent.[4]; the son of Humayun, and the grandson of Babur who founded the dynasty. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of Northern India.[5]

Akbar, widely considered the greatest of the Mughal emperors,[citation needed] was thirteen years old when he ascended the throne in Delhi, following the death of his father Humayun.[6] During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the Pashtun descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he defeated the Hindu king Hemu.[7][8] It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring parts of northern and central India into his realm. The emperor solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Rajput caste, and by admitting Rajput princesses in his harem.[7][9]

Akbar's most lasting contributions were to the arts[citation needed]. He initiated a large collection of literature, including the Akbar-nama and the Ain-i-Akbari, and incorporated art from around the world into the Mughal collections[citation needed]. He also commissioned many major buildings, and invented the first prefabricated homes.[10] Akbar began a series of religious debates where Muslim scholars would debate religious matters with Sikhs, Hindus, Cārvāka atheists and PortugueseJesuits. He founded a religious cult, the Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith), but it amounted only to a form of personality cult for Akbar, and quickly dissolved after his death.[7][11]

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Jumat, 30 Oktober 2009

Yeast Infection Treatments

Yeast Infection Treatments

You can try many yeast infection cures today as they vary from over-the-counter drugs like Monistat to quick natural remedies or more complex ones like homeopathic cures.

For mild yeast infection the yeast infection natural treatments are the best approach. The best known homemade remedies are apple-cider vinegar and yogurt.

Apple-cider vinegar is widely used to cure itchiness and burning due to candidiasis. You are not allowed to use or consume other kind of vinegar because they are not alkaline, so it will actually feed the fungus yeast. Hence, it will make the matter even worse. You can take douching with water and vinegar daily or as often as you may feel needed. In two, three days you should feel the relief from yeast infection.

Yogurt, the non-sweet type, is very useful in the battle with vaginal yeast infections and severe candida albicans. For getting rid of itchiness, rashes, burning caused by yeast, you can apply the yogurt on the affected areas. I know it is quite messy, but the results are really worth it. For chronic yeast infection you have to eat yogurt daily to restore your bacteria balance in your body and reduce the yeast fungus. Also, is very effective in preventing the disease during an antibiotic treatment.

Cheekweed ointment, if you are lucky to find it on your local store, is very effective in getting rid of symptoms of vaginal infections. It is a very powerful anti-fungal herb, so you should use it as soon as you get it. Another good anti-fungal is tea tree oil. Be careful to dilute it with water though.

Other natural yeast infection treatments include changing your diet completely by eliminating the foods that cause the yeast fungus growth and for a more severe candida albicans, the best approach is a holistic one. There are numerous herbs and teas which combined with regular exercise and anti-candida diets can get rid of yeast infection for good.

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Selasa, 13 Oktober 2009

Categories * Advertising * anime * beauty tips * Business * Career * Chat * Cheat * computer * Computers * C

October 2009
M T W T F S S
« Sep
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rugstore Products Can’t Compare to Hyaluronic Acid

A large percentage of people buy their skin care products at the local drugstore or chain store. Not surprisingly, many of these people are also surprised at how poor the condition of their skin really is. Many people even mistakenly feel that if it were not for the skin products that they use, their skin would be in even worse shape.

Continue reading rugstore Products Can’t Compare to Hyaluronic Acid

October 3rd, 2009 | Category: Education | Leave a comment

Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

Minister of Communication and Information (RI) Mohammad Nuh said, the arrival of the film artist Maria Ozawa (

Miyabi) to Indonesia as legal is not prohibited, but the moral ethics from many people oppose her arrival.

Continue reading Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

October 2009
M T W T F S S
« Sep
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031

rugstore Products Can’t Compare to Hyaluronic Acid

A large percentage of people buy their skin care products at the local drugstore or chain store. Not surprisingly, many of these people are also surprised at how poor the condition of their skin really is. Many people even mistakenly feel that if it were not for the skin products that they use, their skin would be in even worse shape.

Continue reading rugstore Products Can’t Compare to Hyaluronic Acid

October 3rd, 2009 | Category: Education | Leave a comment

Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

Minister of Communication and Information (RI) Mohammad Nuh said, the arrival of the film artist Maria Ozawa (

Miyabi) to Indonesia as legal is not prohibited, but the moral ethics from many people oppose her arrival.

Continue reading Maria Ozawa (Miyabi) Will Come to Indonesia

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.

The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other racquet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind, competitive badminton is best played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game.

Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair is a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.

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