Akbar the Great
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| Akbar the Great | |
|---|---|
| Mughal Emperor | |
 | |
| Reign | 1556 to 1605 |
| Full name | Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar I |
| Titles | His Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Imam-i-'Adil, Sultan ul-Islam Kaffatt ul-Anam, Amir ul-Mu'minin, Khalifat ul-Muta'ali Sahib-i-Zaman, Padshah Ghazi Zillu'llah ['Arsh-Ashyani], Emperor of India)[1][2] |
| Born | 15 October 1542 |
| Birthplace | Amarkot Fort, Sind |
| Died | 27 October 1605 (aged 63) |
| Place of death | Fatehpur Sikri, Agra |
| Buried | Bihishtabad Sikandra, Agra |
| Predecessor | Nasiruddin Humayun |
| Successor | Nuruddin Salim Jahangir |
| Offspring | Jahangir, 5 other sons and 6 daughters |
| Royal House | House of Timur |
| Dynasty | Mughal |
| Father | Nasiruddin Humayun |
| Mother | Nawab Hamida Banu Begum Sahiba |
| Religious beliefs | Din-i-Ilahi |
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar (جلال الدین محمد اکبر Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar), also known as Akbar the Great (October 15, 1542 – October 27, 1605) [1][2][3] was the third Mughal Emperor of India. He was of Turko-Mongol Timurid descent.[4]; the son of Humayun, and the grandson of Babur who founded the dynasty. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of Northern India.[5]
Akbar, widely considered the greatest of the Mughal emperors,[citation needed] was thirteen years old when he ascended the throne in Delhi, following the death of his father Humayun.[6] During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the Pashtun descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he defeated the Hindu king Hemu.[7][8] It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring parts of northern and central India into his realm. The emperor solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Rajput caste, and by admitting Rajput princesses in his harem.[7][9]
Akbar's most lasting contributions were to the arts[citation needed]. He initiated a large collection of literature, including the Akbar-nama and the Ain-i-Akbari, and incorporated art from around the world into the Mughal collections[citation needed]. He also commissioned many major buildings, and invented the first prefabricated homes.[10] Akbar began a series of religious debates where Muslim scholars would debate religious matters with Sikhs, Hindus, Cārvāka atheists and PortugueseJesuits. He founded a religious cult, the Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith), but it amounted only to a form of personality cult for Akbar, and quickly dissolved after his death.[7][11]
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